Legal Guide
ELECTRIC BIKES AND ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
Electric Bikes
The use of electric bikes (e-bikes) in the UK is governed by specific regulations concerning speed, motor assistance, and throttle operation. This disclaimer highlights key information to help users remain compliant with UK laws.
1. Maximum Speed for Motor Assistance- E-bike motors must stop providing assistance once the bike reaches a speed of 15.5 mph (25 km/h).
- Riders may pedal beyond this speed, but the motor must not contribute further propulsion.
- The motor's continuous power output must not exceed 250 watts.
- E-bikes with motors exceeding this power or offering motor assistance beyond 15.5 mph are classified as motor vehicles and require licensing, insurance, and registration.
3.Throttle Regulations
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"Twist-and-Go" Throttles:
- Throttles that allow the bike to move without pedaling are restricted.
- These bikes must meet "Type Approval" requirements and are classified similarly to mopeds or motorcycles under UK law.
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Pedal-Assist Throttles:
- Throttles that only activate while pedaling are permitted if they comply with speed and power limits.
- These throttles are commonly found on standard e-bikes and do not require type approval, licensing, or additional regulations.
- E-bikes that exceed the speed or power limits, or use unrestricted throttles, are classified as motor vehicles and are subject to the following requirements:
- A valid driver’s license.
- Vehicle registration and insurance.
- Compliance with safety and operational regulations applicable to motor vehicles.
- Operating a non-compliant e-bike on public roads without appropriate licensing, insurance, or registration may result in fines, penalties, or vehicle impoundment.
Top tip: Always check the specifications of your electric bike, particularly the motor size. If the motor exceeds 250W, the bike should only be used on private land with the landowner's permission. Additionally, electric bikes with a throttle are not considered electric bikes or EAPCs (Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycles), and cannot be ridden on public roads.
Key points for electric bikes (EAPCs):
- No license, insurance, or registration is required.
- Riders must be at least 14 years old.
- Helmets are not mandatory.
- On public roads, motors must be limited to 250W.
- On public roads, the bike should only be powered by pedal assist, not a throttle.
- The top speed on public roads should be limited to 25 km/h.
Electric Scooters
Under current UK law, privately owned electric scooters are illegal to ride on public roads. They are only to be used on private land with the land owners permission. Similarly to electric bikes that have a 250W maximum motor capability, e-scooters will likely have certain legal requirements to be able to be ridden in public legally. These regulations may follow the example of the current rental scooters which are limited to 15.5mph and have automatic lights as safety features. This will all be revealed when the Transport Bill is announced and new innovation will emerge from electric scooter manufacturers to fit in with the legislation. For more details about whether a certain scooter available on our website is legal, check here
This information is intended as general guidance and does not constitute legal advice. For the most up-to-date and accurate details, refer to official government resources or consult local authorities. Further information is available at gov.uk/electric-bike-rules and cycleassociation.uk/e-bikes
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Last updated: December 14, 2024
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